The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, which began on 19th April 1943, retains a special place in the history of Polish Jews. The first anniversaries of the events had an especially celebratory character. The Central Committee of Jews in Poland and the Jewish Society of Fine Arts organised a competition for a poster commemorating the fight of the Jews against the Nazi occupier. On 19th April 1948, the fifth anniversary of the Uprising, a monument of the Heroes of the Ghetto by Natan Rapaport (1911-1987) was unveiled. In 1953, on the tenth anniversary of the Uprising, in the new political and social situation, the Jewish Historical Institute decided to organise a permanent exhibition devoted to the fight in the Warsaw ghetto. Paintings, sculptures and drawings were commissioned from famous artists. Their works, mainly created in the spirit of social realism, are an illustration of documents gathered in the exhibition. This unique exhibition, originating completely from the collection of the Jewish Historical Institute, illustrates the birth and development of the iconography of the fight and martyrology of the Jewish community in the Second World War. It is also a testimony of an era.